Formaldehyde Reliance, Alternative Embalming Adoption, and Occupational Safety in Turkish Anatomy Laboratories: A Multi-Centre Cross-Sectional Survey

Introduction: Formaldehyde remains the default fixative in anatomy laboratories despite well-documented health risks. This study assessed the current reliance on formaldehyde in Turkish anatomy laboratories, awareness of alternative methods, and institutional practices regarding personal protective equipment (PPE) and training. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted at the anatomy laboratories of medical schools in Türkiye between June and July 2024. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively and with appropriate statistical tests (α=0.05). Free-text responses underwent reflexive thematic analysis.
Results: The study included 71 anatomy professionals from 37 medical schools. Formaldehyde was reported in 91.9% of laboratories. PPE provision for students was inadequate, and 77% of participants had received no formal training on chemical safety.
Discussion and Conclusion: Turkish anatomy laboratories remain highly dependent on formaldehyde. Although alternative fixation methods are known, current evidence does not confirm that they are safer or sustainable under local conditions. Therefore, improving protective measures—effective ventilation, mandatory safety training, and adequate PPE provision—represents the most urgent priority for reducing exposure risks and strengthening occupational safety.

Keywords: Embalming; Formaldehyde; Occupational exposure; Personal protective equipment; Tissue fixation; Türkiye